Aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques et thérapeutiques des abcès de cornée au CHU IOTA de Bamako
Résumé
Corneal abscess remains in our context a serious ophthalmological
emergency due to its high potential for blindness. A prospective and
descriptive cross-sectional clinical study from January 2024 to April 2025 on
corneal abscesses was carried out in the university hospital center of the
Tropical Ophthalmological Institute of Africa, the aim of which was to
determine the frequency of corneal abscesses, identify the risk factors for
corneal abscesses, describe the clinical lesions, identify the germs responsible
for corneal abscess, analyze the management protocol for corneal abscesses,
evaluate the anatomical and functional results 6 months after treatment.
The study involved 215 patients for 228 eyes over 428 consultations, i.e. a
frequency of 50.2%. The average age of the patients was 39.2±20.3 years with
extremes ranging from 1 to 90 years. The sex ratio was 1.3 in favor of men
(120 men and 95 women).
Pupils/students, followed by housewives were the most affected 18.1% and
16.7% respectively. BAV was the main reason for consultation with 99.1%.
The average delay was 13.31 ± 11.05 days with extremes of 4 and 75 days and ocular trauma was the main traumatic risk factor with 40.9% of cases. In 24.2%
of cases the initial visual acuity was less than 1/10. The central and para-central
locations were the most represented with 52.6% and 27.4% respectively.
Hypopion and Tyndall were the main anterior chamber injuries with 29.3% and
3%. The culture was positive in 68.4% of cases.
Heel and leucoma were the main corneal sequelae in the respective order of
35% and 6.0%.